Granite Fragments from
base of Robert E. Lee monument
Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragments (installation)
Photo by Frederik Nilsen
Filed Under:
Fragments from Robert E. Lee monument base, Richmond, Virginia
Sponsor: Lee Monument Association and Ladies Lee Monument Association
Dedicated: 1890
Removed: 2022
The bronze statues of Confederate generals and white supremacists that dot the Lost Cause commemorative landscape are larger than life and weigh several tons, but their physical weight pales in comparison to that of the granite bases that elevate them. Their ideological weight resides in not only who or what they depict but also their material, size, and sense of permanence. Monument bases range from simple plinths to multitiered structures that are architectural in scope and bearing.
In its Whose Heritage? project tracking the status of Confederate symbols in public space, the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) considers a monument active unless all components, including bases, benches, fountains, and columns, have been removed. In that regard, the bases are as forceful a reminder as the statues they once supported, whose absence speaks volumes. Some of the bases that remain installed in public space continue to be used as meeting spaces and sites of artistic intervention.
MONUMENTS features a selection of granite pieces that were part of the Robert E. Lee monument base in Richmond, Virginia. The Lee monument, unveiled in 1890, was the first to be installed on Monument Avenue, which was then on the outskirts of the city but became a main thoroughfare and home to numerous other Lost Cause commemorations. The gargantuan stone pedestal stood over 40 feet high and cost $41,500 ($1.6 million in 2024), as compared to $18,000 for the bronze elements ( $730,000 in 2024).
During the summer of 2020, the site of the Lee monument was locally dubbed Marcus-David Peters Circle in honor of an unarmed Black man who was killed by police in 2018. By day, it was a space for the local community to gather and organize; at night, it became a scene of police violence against protesters who demanded racial justice and, ironically, an end to police brutality. The monument’s base served as a canvas for the public to share messages of hope, care, anger, and grief, the brightly colored spray paint standing in stark contrast to the drab gray granite. Despite efforts to clean it, the base became a palimpsest with new paint added daily, the remnants of previous messages still visible beneath. In September 2021, after months of continuous protest, the bronze portions of the Lee monument were removed. Some Richmond residents spoke in favor of keeping the graffitied base in situ so that it could continue to act as a public gathering space and be repurposed for a new, more inclusive monument, but it was dismantled in February 2022.
As one of the harder stones used in carving, granite signifies eternity. The Lee base fragments, now spread over the grounds of Richmond’s wastewater treatment plant, recall the archaeological ruins of a structure meant to span generations, to remain in place in perpetuity. The fragments on view in MONUMENTS constitute a record of the activist campaign to nullify Lost Cause monuments and render that intended permanence impermanent. The graffiti on these chunks of stone make visible a public dialogue with the objects once attached to them.
John Mitchell, editor of the Richmond Planet, which served the city’s African American community from 1883 to 1938, observed of the Black labor necessary to build the Lee monument: “He put up the Lee Monument, and should the time come, will be there to take it down” (June 7, 1890). Mitchell was prophetic: Team Henry Enterprises, a Black-owned company, dismantled the Lee monument and dozens of others across Virginia.
Granite fragments (installation)
Photo by Frederik Nilsen
Granite fragments (installation)
Photo by Frederik Nilsen
Granite fragment from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
19 x 118 1/2 x 22 in. (48.3 x 301 x 55.9 cm)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragment from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
12 x 100 x 7 1/2 in. (30.5 x 254 x 19.1 cm)(front)
19 x 107 x 23 in. (48.3 x 271.8 x 58.4 cm) (back)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragment from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
29.5 x 28.5 x 27.5 in. (74.9 x 72.4 x 69.9 cm)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragment from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
52 x 60 x 23 1/2 in. (132.1 x 152.4 x 59.7 cm)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragments from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
18 x 111.5.x 22 in (45.7 x 283.2 x 55.9 cm)(front)
19 x 107 x 23 1/2 in. (48.3 x 271.8 x 59.7 cm)(back)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Granite fragment from base of Robert E. Lee monument in Richmond, Virginia
, 1890 with graffiti from 2020
Granite, spray paint
34 x 28 x 38 1/2 in. (86.4 x 71.1 x 97.8 cm)
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Robert E. Lee monument, Richmond, Virginia
Antonin Mercié, sculptor
Paul Pujol, architect
James Netherwood, fabricator
Bronze statue on granite base
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Ingots from Robert E. lee Monument, Charlottesville, Virginia
Swords Into Plowshares
2023
Bronze
Jefferson School African American Heritage Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
Josephus Daniels
János Farkas
1985
Bronze
Daniels Family Charitable Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina
Roger B. Taney
William Henry Rinehart
1887
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Robert E. Lee & Stonewall Jackson
Laura Gardin Fraser
1948
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Matthew Fontaine Maury
Frederick William Sievers
1929
Bronze
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Jefferson Davis & Vindicatrix
Edward V. Valentine
1907
Bronze
The Valentine Museum, Richmond, Virginia
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Fragments from Robert E. Lee monument base
Paul Pujol
1890
Granite
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
W. Jeff Davis Ave. & Rosa L. Parks Ave. & Fred Gray Ave.
Aluminum
City of Montgomery, Alabama
Unmanned Drone
Kara Walker
2023
Bronze statue made from Chales Keck's 1921 statue of Stonewall Jackson, which stood in Charlottesville Virginia and was decomissioned in 2021
Commissioned by The Brick
Courtesy of the artist and Sikkema Malloy Jenkins
HOMEGOING
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2025
Two channel video projection (color, sound)
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Courtesy of the artists
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2019
Steel, red cedar, American cypress, pine, makore veneer, canvas, printed cotton fabric, glass, stainless steel
Glenstone Museum
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Untitled, ca. 1897-1922
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Courtesy of the artist and Pace Gallery
An American Reflection
Monument Lab
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Digital video (black and white; sound)
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Courtesy of the artist
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Cauleen Smith
2025
CCTV camera, single-channel live feed video
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Nona Faustine
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Pigment Print
Courtesy of the Estate of Nona Faustine and Higher Pictures
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Kevin Jerome Everson
2024
Single channel video projection transferred from 16 mm film (black and white; sound)
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
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2024-2025
Cast bronze
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
Cadence Series
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Acrylic and gesso on canvas
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Private collection
Confederate Soldiers & Sailors
Frederick W. Ruckstuhl
1903
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Birth of a Nation
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2025
Five-channel video installation (color; silent)
Commissioned by the Hartwig Art Foundation with The Brick
Courtesy of the artist, Victoria Miro, and David Zwirner
Deo Vindice
(Orion's Cabinet)
Abigail DeVille
2025
China cabinets, charcoal, rusted steel scaffolding, pig blood, salt, mud, lights, and natural fiber
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
Descendant
Karon Davis
2025
Plywood, MDF, latex paint, metal hardware, steel, aluminum, fiberglass
Commissioned by MOCA and The Brick
Courtesy of the artist and Salon 94
Love is dangerous
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2024-2025
Pink granite
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist; Alexander Gray Associates, New York; and PATRON Gallery, Chicago
The Baltimore Sun · Oct 21, 1923
A Suspension of Hostilities
Hank Willis Thomas
2019
1969 Dodge Charger
Courtesy of the artist and Pace Gallery
The Klan Series
Andres Serrano
Klansman, Grand Dragon, 1990
Pigment print
Courtesy of the artist and Galerie Nathalie Obadia
The Montgomery Times (Montgomery, Alabama)
Sat, Apr 22, 1905
Confederate Women of Maryland
J. Maxwell Miller
1917
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Number 363
Leonardo Drew
2023
Cotton and matte medium
Collection of the Jordan Schnitzer Family Foundation
Stranger Fruit Series
Jon Henry
Untitled #31, 2017
Digital archival print on matte paper
Courtesy of the artist
The Baltimore Sun · Oct 26, 1918
The Baltimore Sun · May 14, 1933
The Montgomery Times (Montgomery, Alabama) Sat, Apr 22, 1905