Jeff Davis Avenue
Montgomery, Alabama
W. Jeff Davis Ave. & Rosa L. Parks Ave. & Fred D. Gray Ave. Montgomery, Alabama
each 42 x 9 x 1/8 in. (106.7 x 22.9 x 0.3 cm)
City of Montgomery, Alabama
Filed Under:
Jeff Davis Avenue
W. Jeff Davis Ave. & Rosa L. Parks Ave. & Fred D. Gray Ave. Montgomery, Alabama
each 42 x 9 x 1/8 in. (106.7 x 22.9 x 0.3 cm)
City of Montgomery, Alabama
Intersection of Rosa L. Parks Ave & W. Jeff Davis Ave, Montgomery
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Ingots from Robert E. lee Monument, Charlottesville, Virginia
Swords Into Plowshares
2023
Bronze
Jefferson School African American Heritage Center, Charlottesville, Virginia
Josephus Daniels
János Farkas
1985
Bronze
Daniels Family Charitable Foundation, Raleigh, North Carolina
Roger B. Taney
William Henry Rinehart
1887
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Robert E. Lee & Stonewall Jackson
Laura Gardin Fraser
1948
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Matthew Fontaine Maury
Frederick William Sievers
1929
Bronze
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Jefferson Davis & Vindicatrix
Edward V. Valentine
1907
Bronze
The Valentine Museum, Richmond, Virginia
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
Fragments from Robert E. Lee monument base
Paul Pujol
1890
Granite
Black History Museum and Cultural Center of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia
W. Jeff Davis Ave. & Rosa L. Parks Ave. & Fred Gray Ave.
Aluminum
City of Montgomery, Alabama
Unmanned Drone
Kara Walker
2023
Bronze statue made from Chales Keck's 1921 statue of Stonewall Jackson, which stood in Charlottesville Virginia and was decomissioned in 2021
Commissioned by The Brick
Courtesy of the artist and Sikkema Malloy Jenkins
HOMEGOING
Davóne Tines & Julie Dash
2025
Two channel video projection (color, sound)
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artists
Tabernacle
Martin Puryear
2019
Steel, red cedar, American cypress, pine, makore veneer, canvas, printed cotton fabric, glass, stainless steel
Glenstone Museum
Studio Portraits
Hugh Mangum
Untitled, ca. 1897-1922
Courtesy of the Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
Rate of Transformation, Distance
Torkwase Dyson
2018/2025
Wood and acrylic
Courtesy of the artist and Pace Gallery
An American Reflection
Monument Lab
2025
Digital video (black and white; sound)
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
The Warden
Cauleen Smith
2025
CCTV camera, single-channel live feed video
Courtesy of the artist and Morán Morán
White Shoes series
Nona Faustine
Ye Are My Witness, Brooklyn, NY, 2018
Pigment Print
Courtesy of the Estate of Nona Faustine and Higher Pictures
Practice, Practice, Practice
Kevin Jerome Everson
2024
Single channel video projection transferred from 16 mm film (black and white; sound)
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
New Nation (States) Battle of Manassas - 2014
Kahlil Robert Irving
2024-2025
Cast bronze
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
Cadence Series
Walter Price
Evidence of progression, 2023
Acrylic and gesso on canvas
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Private collection
Confederate Soldiers & Sailors
Frederick W. Ruckstuhl
1903
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Birth of a Nation
Stan Douglas
2025
Five-channel video installation (color; silent)
Commissioned by the Hartwig Art Foundation with The Brick
Courtesy of the artist, Victoria Miro, and David Zwirner
Deo Vindice
(Orion's Cabinet)
Abigail DeVille
2025
China cabinets, charcoal, rusted steel scaffolding, pig blood, salt, mud, lights, and natural fiber
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist
Descendant
Karon Davis
2025
Plywood, MDF, latex paint, metal hardware, steel, aluminum, fiberglass
Commissioned by MOCA and The Brick
Courtesy of the artist and Salon 94
Love is dangerous
Bethany Collins
2024-2025
Pink granite
Commissioned by MOCA & The Brick
Courtesy of the artist; Alexander Gray Associates, New York; and PATRON Gallery, Chicago
The Baltimore Sun · Oct 21, 1923
A Suspension of Hostilities
Hank Willis Thomas
2019
1969 Dodge Charger
Courtesy of the artist and Pace Gallery
The Klan Series
Andres Serrano
Klansman, Grand Dragon, 1990
Pigment print
Courtesy of the artist and Galerie Nathalie Obadia
The Montgomery Times (Montgomery, Alabama)
Sat, Apr 22, 1905
Confederate Women of Maryland
J. Maxwell Miller
1917
Bronze
City of Baltimore, Maryland
Number 363
Leonardo Drew
2023
Cotton and matte medium
Collection of the Jordan Schnitzer Family Foundation
Stranger Fruit Series
Jon Henry
Untitled #31, 2017
Digital archival print on matte paper
Courtesy of the artist
The Baltimore Sun · Oct 26, 1918
The Baltimore Sun · May 14, 1933
The Montgomery Times (Montgomery, Alabama) Sat, Apr 22, 1905
Dedicated: 1890
Removed: 2021
The intersection of Rosa Parks and Jeff Davis Avenues in Montgomery, Alabama, reflects the layering of two integrally related chapters in U.S. history, namely the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. Montgomery was a site central to the unfolding of both.
From February to May of 1861, Montgomery served as the capital of the Confederacy before it was relocated to Richmond, Virginia. Jefferson Davis (1808-1889), the Confederacy’s first and only president, lived in Montgomery during those months. Fast forward nearly a century and Montgomery was also where the Women’s Political Council and Montgomery Improvement Association staged the 1955 bus boycott, a crucial milestone of the modern Civil Rights Movement. The boycott began after the arrest of Rosa Parks (1913-2005), an African American woman who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger, as required by the city’s segregation ordinances at that time.
Montgomery City Council renamed Line Street “Jeff. Davis Avenue” to honor Jefferson Davis in response to a citizen’s petition in January 1890.
Montgomery, the “Cradle of the Confederacy,” has no street named for the late Jefferson Davis, the chieftain of the “Lost Cause,” whose illustrious name and heroic deeds are inseparably linked with the city’s history.
At the time of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, Rosa Parks lived in the Cleveland Court apartments just off Cleveland Avenue, a 2.5 mile stretch of which was renamed for Parks in 1986.
Whereas [Rosa Parks’s] great courage has endeared her to many people throughout the Nation when she refused to give up her seat on a city bus causing her arrest and the beginning of the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Civil Rights Movement . . . NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA, that Cleveland Avenue from Mildred Street to Fleming Road, be renamed Rosa L. Parks Avenue.
Jeff Davis Avenue was renamed Fred D. Gray Avenue in October 2021 at the behest of Mayor Steven Reed, the city’s first Black mayor. Fred D. Gray (b. 1930) is a prominent attorney who defended a number of Civil Rights activists, including Parks, Claudette Colvin, and Martin Luther King Jr. Mr. Gray grew up on Jeff Davis Avenue. He continues to practice law and as of 2024 is in the midst of litigating a suit against Macon County in order to remove the Confederate monument in Tuskegee. In renaming the street, Montgomery was required to pay a $25,000 fine for violating Alabama’s “Memorial Preservation Act.” The fee was paid by an anonymous donor.
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center’s Whose Heritage? dataset, Montgomery is still home to forty-five Confederate symbols, including streets, parks, markers, holidays, and statues.